In a recent Bible study session, we reviewed Jesus and the Jewish Roots of the Eucharist by Dr. Brad Pitre, and I found more than just the topic, I found a correlation with the Mass.
In part of Dr. Pitre’s presentation, he talks about the Bread of the Presence in the first tabernacle that the Israelites had in the Temple. As he outlined the importance of the Bread of the Presence, he also illustrated that God was present in the Tabernacle in three ways. First was the Ark of the Covenant, which was the Throne of the Invisible God. This is for God, the Father. Second was the Bread of the Presence, which was set on the Golden Table. This Presence is Jesus, the Bread of Life. Finally, there was the Golden Lampstand, or Menorah, that held seven tongues of fire, which is the Holy Spirit. While the scriptures may not call out that this is the Triune God by those exact words, one can find the Trinity in the Bible, if you are looking.
What struck me as we were learning about this Tabernacle is that it looks just like the Mass. When you think about what was in the Ark of the Covenant, it was the Word of God: the Ten Commandments. Then there is the Bread of Presence. We’ve already established that this represents Jesus, so this would be the Eucharist. And just like in ancient times, before any filled tabernacle in today’s Catholic Churches, there is the sanctuary lamp that burns, illustrating the presence of Divinity. Mass is the worship of God, through Jesus and in the unity of the Holy Spirit (Doxology). As all three were present in the old Jewish covenant, so too are all three present in the new covenant established by Jesus at the Last Supper. The Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist are the two parts that make up the Mass, and they were in physical form in the Temple in Jerusalem.
While our finite minds cannot expect to comprehend or understand the Infinite Creator God, in all things He left signs of who He is. What sounds like exacting commands, perhaps a bit bizarre in Exodus, Numbers, and Leviticus — which is where the Bread of the Presence and the placement of the holy items in the Tabernacle are defined — are really a glimpse of God made visible to us. God understands that our human nature needs physical items to correlate spiritual realities. Any physical analogy will always have its limitations, but it’s in these analogies that God chooses to reveal parts of Himself to us. As Jesus first spoke the words of consecration over the bread and wine, the simple objects became His Real Presence. It wouldn’t have seemed strange for the Apostles, since they were familiar with the Bread of the Presence. Had it not been for this reference, Jesus’ actions would have been more difficult to understand. When the two disciples who traveled to Emmaus after the resurrection recognized Jesus in the breading of the bread, perhaps some of those scripture references Jesus used in their discourse included the Bread of the Presence.
As Catholics, we believe in the Real Presence, that is the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity is in every consecrated host and drop in the chalice. This is an article of faith, something that science cannot prove, since it transcends the physical world and crosses into the spiritual. Numerous miracles studied by science show the host to be from a human heart, but again, science can only show the physical world, it cannot be used to discern a soul or divinity. It’s up to us to accept that belief in faith. Learning about how God prepared us through the Jewish people and their traditions strengthens our beliefs. Jesus lived and breathed as a Jew, celebrating all the rituals and customs. It is from this tradition that the Catholic Church was born.
Dr. Pitre’s presentation is an excellent resource for those who want to dive deeper into understanding the Eucharist and the richness the Jewish traditions contribute to our faith.
